ANA - All Nippon Airways (NH, Tokyo Haneda) and JAL - Japan Airlines (JL, Tokyo Haneda) have been joined by a growing list of international carriers that have flouted China's recently declared air defence zone in the East China Sea. Though they did initially comply with the order, under pressure from their own government, both JAL and ANA are now refusing to comply with the order which was published by the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) compelling all flights planning to transit the zone to submit flight plans or risk unspecified "emergency defence procedures". Tokyo has refused to accept the zone, which overlaps a chain of islands which Japan calls Senkaku and China calls Diaovu. Since the impasse was broken by the United States Air Force (MC, Washington National) when it flew two unarmed B52-H bombers through the area in what the US State Department deemed "a planned military exercise," both the Japan Air Self-Defence Force (Nagoya Komaki) and the Republic of Korea Air Force (Seoul Gimpo) have since operated surveillance flights through the zone.